This year, Canada will celebrate 150 years of Confederation. While there is much to celebrate, our province, country, and world face enormous challenges. Last year was the warmest in recorded history. Global temperatures are now close to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial averages. Canada, like other countries, recognizes the need to take urgent action. By signing the Paris Agreement, Canada has signalled its commitment to tackling this challenge in tandem with others.
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The Lieutenant Governor’s Climate Change Essay Challenge, hosted in collaboration with the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), invited grade 12 students from across Ontario to tell their story of how Canada will stop climate change by 2067. After review by an esteemed panel comprised of journalists, teachers and environmental research fellows, three outstanding entries were selected.
On April 21, in anticipation of Earth Day, all three winners will be celebrated at the Lieutenant Governor’s Suite in Toronto where they will be presented with a certificate by the Honourable Elizabeth Dowdeswell, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, and awarded by CIGI with a scholarship prize.
In the lead-up to the celebration, read all three winning entries below.
— By Matea Ceric, Waterloo Collegiate Institute in Waterloo
Over thecourse of its 200-year history, Canada’s story has been one modelled on theideas of innovation and overcoming hardship. Whether it has been wars, economicstruggles or achieving independence, often the country has pushed for a betterstandard of living, for current, as well as for future generations ofCanadians.
Indeed,there has never been one greater moment of hardship and innovation than whenthe human population faced one of the greatest problems of all: climate change.The fight for a clean, green and sustainable world has, undoubtedly, presenteditself as both the greatest challenge and the greatest opportunity that Canadahas ever faced. However, due to several key factors, this country has, over thepast fifty years, astonished the world with its ingenious new technology anddaring ideas, along with its highly cooperative citizens all vying for a betterworld.
Throughrigorous efforts to use more efficient sources of power, to completelyrethinking the way it lives and conducts business, Canada has demonstrated thatit has reached its potential as an environmental superpower that is capable ofpositive change for the future. Thus, as a direct consequence of Canada’screative and bold mentality as well as it optimistic approach to the issue,this country has managed to help curb climate change for good, and this can beseen through several of its most vital efforts.
To begin,one must first mention one of the more prominent ways Canada has helped shapeits image as a powerhouse for environmental change, and that is due to how itcompletely rethought the way it obtained its energy.
Fifty yearsago, Canada’s main energy sources consisted of a mixture of pernicious crudeoil and gas, nuclear energy, coal, and natural gas. All of this accounted for approximately one fifth of the 732 megatonnes of total carbondioxide produced around thattime. Nomatter how much the energy companies claimed that their method of energyextraction was “clean” and “safe”, the facts were starting to sink in: thesetoxic energy sources could not be viable long-term, and secondly, the health ofthe natural world and the communities living close to the extraction sites wereat serious risk.
After yearsof protests and petitions, the federal government decided it was time to changetactics. It began the “ProjectCanRenew,” a nation-wide initiative designed to make the shift from thedependence on fossil fuels to a nation completely reliant on renewable sources.In essence, each province determined its most valuable natural resource. Then,over the next 15 years, using a portion of the annual $2.7 billion thatwould otherwise be given to the fossil fuel industry, they had the task ofgradually transitioning to complete renewable dependence.
Vast windfarms were installed all over Canada, such as in Quebec and Nunavut, and thecoastal provinces utilized new technology that Canadian scientists developed,which harnessed the immense wave power of the oceans. It became commonplace forall homes and public institutions to have solar panels on their roofs andthousands of new jobs were created.
Furthermore,there were now opportunities for more innovative and creative solutions, likeusing special types of anaerobic bacteria to consume trash and convert it intoenergy. Bydeciding to make the switch from non-renewable to renewable energy sources,Canada advertently made a huge step in stopping climate change.
Not only hasCanada made great progress in its energy sector, but also through conscientiouschanges in lifestyle, business and infrastructure. These days, a greenlifestyle is second nature to Canadians who enjoy eco-smart cities, filled withgreen space and gardens, reliable but sustainable modes of transport, and ampleopportunity to lead healthier and more purposeful lives. This transition wasnot an easy goal to accomplish.
“The government began the ‘Project CanRenew,’ a nation-wide initiative designed to make the shift from the dependence on fossil fuels.”
Just as early as a few decades ago, Canada’s cities were built more for the car than for the average citizen. There was also a lack of decent organization, as towns were overrun by huge swaths of suburban land and spread over large distances. With few fast public modes of transport, travel was difficult and time-consuming. However, as people became more concerned about their health and also the health of their environment, political leaders started to take notice.
In 2016, a revolutionary plan, called the “Transformational Infrastructure Plan” invested over 180 billion dollars in areas like public transit, green and social infrastructure and advancement in rural and northern communities, courtesy of the federal government. Cities were completely redesigned to become more pedestrian friendly, vibrant and sustainable. Due to this initial advancement, Canadian businesses began incorporating environmental concepts into their business models and were more respected by the citizens. For example, many zero waste restaurants popped up that used animal products created in-vitro, and instead of city lights, the streets began to use bioluminescent bacteria that did not require electricity. The transportation sector was vastly improved so that people could essentially go from one end of a city to another using nothing but bikes, elevated, aboveground and underground hydrogen trains or frictionless vehicles.
The shift in the way Canadians thought about their lifestyles vastly reduced harmful methane, carbon dioxide and chemical emissions, and it demonstrated a bold and optimistic mentality in combatting climate change.
Through several of Canada’s greatest achievements as well as its positive approach to climate change, it has managed to contribute its hand to curbing the global problem once and for all. By radically changing the way it fuels our homes and our economy to making large improvements to our cities and businesses, it has demonstrated its capacity in tackling this challenge along with other countries. In fact, many other countries followed in its footsteps and adopted its drive for innovation and problem-solving.
Now that Canada has successfully survived the greatest challenge of this century, it is up to future generations to continue to innovate and persevere through the next steps in the Canadian as well as the human story.
— By Yassin Djebbar, Gisèle-Lalonde High School in Orléans (original French version follows)
Ateight in the morning, the smart calendar wakes me up by playing Beethoven’sfifth symphony. I clap my hands twice to stop the music and head to thewashroom, where I get undressed and take a steam shower. After five minutes,the water jets stop and the fans dry me with warm air. I get ready and godownstairs. My smart calendar automatically informs me of the day’s schedule:“Happy 200th anniversary of Confederation! Outing with Sami downtown at 10a.m.” Finally! I’ve been looking forward to this stroll with the kid for awhole week.
Ienter the kitchen and make myself a salad of locally grown blueberries,strawberries, and cherries. I savour my breakfast, brush my teeth, and leave topick up my grandson. After walking a half-hour, I find young Sami in thedoorway waiting for me.
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“Grandpa!”he cries, leaping into my arms.
Isignal to his mother, and we head toward the train station. As we walk, Samiasks, “Grandpa, when will I be able to drive?”
“Whyare you in such a hurry to drive, kiddo?”
“Becauseit’s so cool!”
“Youknow, Sami, when I was your age, it was very rare to see an electric car. Mostran on gas. They were noisy and polluting.”
“Really?”
“Yes!But fortunately, the government invested heavily in finding renewableenergies.”
Weget to the station after 15 minutes, I buy our tickets and we board the maglev(magnetic levitation) train. Sami takes the window seat and I sit beside him.As we pull out, Sami is impressed with the train’s speed. “Wow, Grandpa! Howfast are we going now?”
“I’dsay about 600 kilometres per hour.”
“What?That’s faster than a leopard!”
“Itsure is. Before, trains were much slower, polluted more, and were lessefficient. That’s why the government funded a national project to replace allthe old trains with maglev trains.”
Samilooks out the window and notices that the urban landscape has become amagnificent forest. “Grandpa, look at the giant trees!”
“Isee them. They’re about 40 years old.”
“Only40?”
“Yes.Forty years ago, hundreds of forests were planted where there were once cattleranches.”
“Why?”
“Thoseranches caused deforestation and emitted a lot of greenhouse gasses.”
“I’mhappy that the animals finally found a home!”
“Metoo…”
Afterless than 5 minutes, we arrive in the downtown of Canada’s national capital. Weget off the train and explore the city centre. Ever since oil-basedtransportation was banned, it’s a real pleasure to go downtown and breathefresh air. The time passes quickly and it is soon lunchtime. Sami is hungry, sowe head for the nearest restaurant, Vegemiam. I order two vegetarian hamburgersand grilled potatoes. We sit down and Sami devours his meal. Watching him eat,my memory takes me back 60 years, when I was 8 years old and ate ground beefhamburgers and French fries. Back then, we didn’t realize just how harmful themeat and frying oil industries were for the environment. Industrial livestockfarming emitted more greenhouse gasses then the entire transportation sector,and discarded frying oil destroyed aquatic ecosystems. Thanks to a nationalawareness campaign and government taxes on the meat industry, we were able todramatically reduce our emissions of pollutants.
Wefinish lunch, I take little Sami’s hand, and we walk to the city centre tocelebrate the 200th anniversary of Canada’s Confederation. I remember like itwas yesterday when I went with my friends to celebrate the 150th anniversary.Back then, the future seemed dark, and humanity was heading straight for itsown destruction. Environmentalists were sounding the alarm, but we turned adeaf ear. Our lifestyle was focused on consumption and profit, to the detrimentof the planet. All the melting glaciers, droughts, and species extinctionsshould have awakened our consciences.
It’sincredible how much has changed over the last 50 years. Today, thanks to ourengagement and perseverance, we have managed to change directions. We havereduced our consumption of water, innovated our means of transportation,replanted our forests, and changed our eating habits to reduce our ecologicalfootprint on earth. Our efforts stopped the hemorrhage of species extinctionsand stabilized climate change.
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“We do not inherit the earth from our parents;we borrow it from our children.” – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
Une journée ensoleillée
À huit heures du matin,calendrier intelligent me réveille en jouant la cinquième symphonie deBeethoven. Je tape mes mains à deux reprises pour arrêter la musique et medirige vers la salle de bain. Dans la toilette, je me déshabille et prend unedouche à vapeur d’eau. Après cinq minutes, les jets d’eau s’arrêtent et lesventilateurs me sèchent avec de l’air chaud. Je me prépare et descend lesescaliers. Automatiquement, mon calendrier intelligent me rappelle le programmede la journée : “Bonjour et joyeux 200e anniversaire de la confédération !Sortie au centre-ville avec Sami à dix heure.” Finalement, j’attendais cetteballade avec le petit gosse pendant la semaine entière.
Je rentre dans la cuisine etme sert une salade de bleuets, fraises et cerises locaux. Je déguste mondéjeuner, brosse mes dents et sort pour chercher mon petit-fils. Après unedemi-heure de marche, je trouve le petit Sami à l’entrée de sa maison entrainde m’attendre. “Pepe !” Il crie avant de se jeter dans mes bras. Je fais unsigne à sa mère et nous marchons vers la gare. En marchant, Sami me demande : “Pepe, quand est ce que je pourraisconduire moi ?
– Pourquoi t’es pressé à conduire petitbonhomme ?
– C’est trop cool !
– Tu sais Sami, quand j’avaiston âge, c’était très rare de voir une voiture électrique, la majoritéfonctionnait à l’essence. Elles étaient bruyantes et polluantes !
– Vraiment ?
– Oui ! Heureusement, legouvernement a investi sérieusement dans la recherche des énergiesrenouvelables.”
Après un quart d’heure, nousarrivons à la gare, j’achète nos tickets et nous embarquons sur le train maglev(lévitation magnétique). Sami choisit un siège au bord de la fenêtre et jem’assois à côté de lui. En démarrant, Sami est impressionné par la vitesseauquel le train va : “Wow ! Pepe, à quel vitesse qu’on va maintenant ?
– Je dirais à peu près 600kilomètre par heure.
– Quoi ? C’est plus vite qu’unguépard !
– Oui le jeune ! Avant, lestrains étaient beaucoup plus lents, polluants et moins efficaces. C’est pour çaque le gouvernement a financé un projet national pour remplacer tous les vieuxtrains pour des trains maglev !”
Sami regarde par la fenêtre etremarque que le paysage urbain est devenu celui d’une forêt magnifique. “Peperegarde les géants arbres !
– Je les vois, ils ont environquarante ans.
– Juste quarante ?
– Oui, il y a quarante ans,des centaines de forêts ont été boisées là où il y avait des fermes bovines.
– Pourquoi ?
– Ces fermes causaient ladéforestation de ces régions et libéraient beaucoup de gaz à effet de serre.
– Je suis content que lesanimaux aient finalement retrouvé leur maison !
– Moi aussi…” Après moins de5 minutes, nous arrivons au centre de la capitale nationale du Canada.
Nous sortons du métro etexplorons le cœur de la ville. Depuis que le transport à base de pétrole a étébanni, c’est un vrai plaisir d’aller centre-ville et respirer l’air frais. Letemps passe vite et c’est déjà l’heure du dîner. Sami a faim, on se dirige doncvers le resto le plus proche, Vegemiam. Je commande deux hamburgers végétariensaccompagnés de patates grillées. On s’attable et Sami dévore son plat. En leregardant manger, ma mémoire me transporte soixante ans auparavant, lorsquej’avais 8 ans et que je mangeais des hamburgers à viande hachées avec patatesfrites. En ce temps, on ne réalisait pas à quel point l’industrie de la viandeet l’huile de friture nuisent à l’environnement. L’élevage industriel d’animauxémettait plus de gaz à effet de serre que toute l’industrie de transport etl’huile de friture rejetée détruisait les écosystèmes aquatiques. Grâce à lacampagne de sensibilisation nationale et des taxes imposées par le gouvernementsur l’industrie de la viande, nous avons pu réduire dramatiquement nosémissions polluantes.
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Nous terminons notre dîner, jetiens la petite main de Sami et nous marchons au centre de la célébration du200e anniversaire de la confédération canadienne. Je me souviens comme sic’était hier quand je suis allé avec mes copains à la célébration du 150eanniversaire. En ce temps, l’avenir semblait obscur et l’humanité se dirigeaitdroit vers sa destruction. Les environnementalistes sonnaient l’alarme mais onfaisait la sourde oreille. Notre style de vie était axé sur la consommation etle profit au détriment de la planète. La fonte des glaciers, les sécheresses etl’extinction des espèces auraient dû éveiller notre conscience.
C’est incroyable à quel pointles choses ont changées au cours des 50 dernières années. Aujourd’hui, grâce ànotre engagement et persévérance, nous avons pu détourner notre trajectoire.Nous avons réduit notre utilisation d’eau, avons innové nos moyens detransport, reboisé nos forêts et changé nos habitudes alimentaires pour réduirenotre empreinte écologique sur la Terre. Nos efforts ont arrêté l’hémorragie del’extinction des espèces et ont stabilisé les changements climatiques.
“Nousn’héritons pas la Terre de nos parents, nous l’empruntons à nos enfants.” –Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
— By AlexanderBishay, Virtual High School in Bayfield
July 1, 2067.
The fight to prevent climate change was successful, based ontwo international fronts; energy and agriculture. Each had their winners andlosers.
The energy front was based off the transition between fossilfuels to renewable sources.
On the one hand, while the likes of solar, wave, and windenergy successfully made the transition from ‘alternative energy’ toconventional energy sources, this has limited our nation’s industrialcapabilities.
Essentially, moving away from fossil fuels was a painfultransition, both economically and politically. In 2017, Canada had one of themost emissions intensive economies in the world, and had earlier dreamed ofusing its vast Athabasca oil sands to become an energy superpower. However, newfederal regulations and taxes began saw the gradual phasing out of fossil fuelsources.
While this has generally paid off by now, the devaluation ofone of our biggest economic assets temporarily stagnated the economy in regionsthat relied on them. For example, in 2015, the mining and gas sector made up27 percent of Alberta’s GDP, and the Atlantic Provinces were particularly dependent ongoal for power. Even when we put our lost economic opportunities aside, thetransition was an expensive one.
Due to our climate,domestically produced solar energy was generally an unreliable producer, so wehad to resort to other options. Wind, wave and tidal energy are the mostprominent. The installation of windmills and tidal stations were expensivelong-term investments, and were dependent, day to day, on the output of wind ortide.
“Even when we put our lost economic opportunities aside, the transition was an expensive one.”
That said the switch to renewable resources did have an awesome effect on our CO2 output; with cars, homes and factories no longer burning fossil fuels but electrical based fuel cells, automobile contribution to climate change sharply fell to a small fraction of its 2017 output.
We have also been able to take advantage of the development of electrical ‘supergrids’ across the country and the world. Supergrids, based on high voltage direct current rather than alternating current, allow nations to distribute energy from abundant green sources, to regions in most need.
For example, Alberta and Ontario have traditionally relied on the oil sands and nuclear power respectively, for energy production. Using a super grid, however, they can instead import surplus hydroelectricity from British Columbia and Quebec. Long distance transmission lines with Direct Current power allow us to deliver power with much less electrical loss over longer distances, resulting in greater energy efficiency.
Asia and Europe have their own DC supergrids. For example, North Africa can now export surplus solar energy to Northern Europe, while off-shore wind farms in Scandinavia can export surplus wind energy down south. China’s Gobi desert likewise exports solar energy to places as far east as Japan.
The second front was based on agriculture.
In 2017, the meat-based diet was widespread across the parts of the world that could afford it. However, as the western diet was exported to more parts of the world, it became clear that this trend was unsustainable. The ecological footprint and demand was beginning to outstrip the earth’s resources.
There were two solutions that arose. First of all, vegan diets became more mainstream, for practical purposes. Raising animals for food has a high ecological cost on all fronts, from food production to water usage to methane by-product.
One solution has emerged, in the form of In-vitro meat. It is essentially meat grown in a lab. You take stem cells from an animal and you cultivate them in specific conditions, and they grow into customized pieces of meat. In-Vitro meat, while controversial in its beginning stages, became mainstream by the 2030s. It had the support of both animal welfare groups and environmentalists. As a rising population contributed to rising food costs, in-vitro meat was seen as a sustainable alternative to factory farming.
Today, In-vitro meat is the largest source of animal protein in Canada. the early days, it was labeled and more expensive. Today it’s cheaper and the average consumer takes for granted that tonight’s steak was grown in a lab. Livestock sourced meat is still available, but in a minority. Furthermore, the land that was previously used for livestock has largely been repurposed for foresting, further sequestering CO2 production.
In total, cultured meat has produced 96 percent fewer CO2 emissions than conventional farming before it.
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Overall, the journey to where we are now has been a long one. By introducing Super-grids, we made alternative energy a more viable option across the world. By bringing the world to accept in vitro meat we helped cut a great deal of CO2 emissions from the atmosphere, allowing the Western diet to become sustainable. By pushing for long-term investments into green energy, at no small amount of short-term economic pain, we were able to meet the global challenge head on. Because of that, Canada, through innovation and leadership by example, has helped stop climate change.
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